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====== Pathfinding ====== {{::pathfinding.jpg?nolink|}} Pathfinding is of course a very popular mechanism used in many games. Developers very often use it in controlling enemies or opponents. Gorilla3D provides an easy to use component based on AStar algorithm. The TGorillaPathfindingAStar component helps you manage those automated movements. It abstracts your 3D world and obstacles into a 2D-Plane to compute a path from a starting point to a destination. You can update obstacles at runtime and recompute the map to simulate a dynamic environment. Each pathfinder is working on a single so called agent, which is the object to be moved on computed path. ===== Setup ===== FPathFinder := TGorillaPathfindingAStar.Create(nil); // apply the agent used as source (any TControl3D) FPathFinder.Agent := FAgent; ===== Obstacles ===== Obstacles are restricted areas on the pathfinding map, where an agent can't walk onto, so the algorithm will find a way around this obstacle. You can add static or dynamic obstacles to the system. Obstacles can be all TControl3D instances. The pathfinder will use the bounding box to compute restricted areas. So there may be differences to the visual feedback of the object. // add a dynamic obstacle - needs update FPathFinder.AddObstacle(FObstacle1, false); // add a static obstacle FPathFinder.AddObstacle(FObstacle2); When adding an obstacle to the pathfinder you can define a margin. Those margins are useful if space between to obstacles is very tight. To prevent the agent to run into a narrow area, where it looks like he won't fit. FPathFinder.ObstacleMargin := TPoint3D.Create(1, 1, 1); ===== Configuration ===== ^Property ^Description ^ |GridDimensions|The number of columns and rows used by the A* algorithm. The more units the grid uses, the longer the algorithm takes to compute a path. The less columns and rows used, the faster the algorithm computes a path. The default value is [8, 8].| |Size3D|The area of 3d space (X and Z) needs to be fixed to convert from grid coordinates to 3d coordinates and otherwise. The default value is [10.0, 10.0].| |Diagonals|Defines if diagonal paths are possible. Otherwise only horizontal and vertical paths are possible.| |Fallback|Defines if a fallback scenario should be computed in case not path| const PATHFINDING_GRID_X = 128; PATHFINDING_GRID_Z = 128; PATHFINDING_3DSIZE_X = 20; PATHFINDING_3DSIZE_Z = 20; var LGridSize : TPoint; LSize3D : TPointF; [...] // set dimensions of grid and used 3D space LGridSize := TPoint.Create(PATHFINDING_GRID_X, PATHFINDING_GRID_Z); FPathFinder.GridDimensions := LGridSize; LSize3D := TPointF.Create(PATHFINDING_3DSIZE_X, PATHFINDING_3DSIZE_Z); FPathFinder.Size3D := LSize3D; ===== Computation ===== The TGorillaPathfindingAStar component is just a logical instance. No movement will be performed by default. FPath : TGorillaPath3D; [...] // compute a path around all obstacles in given area FPathFinder.FindPath(Point3D(-10, 0, 10)); FPath := FPathFinder.ToNewPath3D(FGorilla); FPath.Parent := FGorilla; To move the agent we need a TGorillaPath3DAnimation component and connect both instances. FPathAnim := TGorillaPath3DAnimation.Create(FAgent); // the path animation need to manipulate position of the agent FPathAnim.Parent := FAgent; // it should take 5 seconds and move straight on the computed path FPathAnim.Duration := 5; FPathAnim.SplineType := TGorillaSpline3DType.Linear; // here we need to apply the computed path data FPathAnim.Path := FPath.Path; // make sure the agent is at same position as the pathfinder computed from FAgent.Position.Point := FPathFinder.StartPosition; // start movemten on path FPathAnim.Enabled := true; FPathAnim.Start(); ===== Update ===== In case you want to update the map and path at runtime, you can use the following code snippet. // new computation of path FPathFinder.FindPath(Point3D(5, 0, 15)); // refresh map in our image FPathFinder.Draw(FVerifyBmp); Image1.Bitmap.Assign(FVerifyBmp); // stop the current animation FPathAnim.Stop(); FPathAnim.Enabled := false; // apply computed path data to our existing TGorillaPath3D instance, instead for recreating each time FPathFinder.ApplyToPath3D(FPath); // reset the used path data in our path animation FPathAnim.Path := FPath.Path; ===== Visualize ===== LGridSize : TPoint; FVerifyBmp : TBitmap; [...] // create a bitmap - to show map and path in a tiny image // we use the adjusted grid size which includes agent width LGridSize := FPathFinder.AdjustedGridSize; FVerifyBmp := TBitmap.Create(LGridSize.X, LGridSize.Y); // an image component, we've placed inside of our TGorillaViewport Image1.Width := LGridSize.X * 4; Image1.Position.X := Form1.Width - Image1.Width - 32; Image1.Height := LGridSize.Y * 4; // draw pathfinder map FPathFinder.Draw(FVerifyBmp); // apply computed image to our visual feedback image in the viewport Image1.Bitmap.Assign(FVerifyBmp);